Bank of Russia Aims for 2026 to Enact Unified Crypto Rules and Penalties

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The Bank of Russia has unveiled a plan to consolidate the country’s fragmented cryptocurrency regulations into a single, enforceable framework by mid-2026.

The proposal also outlines the introduction of new penalties for illegal market activity, set to take effect in 2027.

Published on December 23, the proposal signals a significant shift in the central bank’s stance, moving from years of opposition toward a model of strict, managed regulation instead of an outright ban. This marks one of the clearest roadmaps yet for Russia’s official approach to digital assets.

Under the proposed framework, both qualified and non-qualified investors would be permitted to purchase cryptocurrencies, but under distinctly different rules. Non-qualified investors would face significant restrictions, including a mandatory knowledge test and a limited list of approved, liquid cryptocurrencies.

These retail investors would be subject to an annual purchase cap of 300,000 rubles (approximately $3,800) through a single licensed intermediary. Qualified investors, however, would be allowed to buy any cryptocurrency except for so-called anonymous privacy tokens, with no volume limits imposed.

Despite the new access, the Bank of Russia reiterated that cryptocurrencies and stablecoins would remain prohibited for use in domestic payments. They would be recognized strictly as monetary assets that can be bought and sold, not as legal tender.